The Japanese writing system does not use a single alphabet, but rather a combination of three distinct scripts that work together: Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji.
Hiragana (ひらがな): The foundational, 46-character phonetic script used for native Japanese words, grammar particles, and verb endings. It is characterized by its soft, rounded, and cursive style.
Katakana (カタカナ): A 46-character phonetic script used primarily for foreign loanwords, foreign names, and onomatopoeia. It is visually distinct from Hiragana, featuring sharp, angular strokes.
Kanji (漢字): Logographic characters originally borrowed from Chinese, with thousands in use. Each character represents a concept or meaning rather than just a sound. It is used for the roots of words, nouns, and names.
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